Job Design, Job Characteristics, and Job Crafting Essay

Job Design, Job Characteristics, and Job Crafting - Essay Example This is because, as the specializations increases in job positions, people working in that job position become invaluable natural resources for the company. It is a known fact that the productivity declines if the people who are working are dissatisfied with their life. There are many methods which can be used for designing a job so that it can be done in an efficient manner. The first step is to assess the job fully in terms of its usefulness to the organization. Then, you need to divide the job into various parts and get suggestion about the best way of doing them quickly and efficiently. The third step is to implement the streamlined method to complete the job. The best method to design a job so that it can be motivating is the job crafting which can done by the person who is working on that position. The first step is this method is the assessment of the job profile and altering one or more than one core aspect of the work. He or she can consult with their supervisor and change the job boundaries by changing the numbers of tasks, changing the method or increasing the scope as per that person’s choices. The organizations hire the experts to study physical and other aspects to optimize the system performance as well as minimize the physical demands on the workers. It assesses the human capabilities and designs the tools, systems and work environment in order to make them efficient, comfortable and safe jobs for the employees of any company. There are many ways in which an organization can plan for the mental demands of any job. They can change the thinking of the person or his perception about the job. The person concerned can divide his job in two separate parts, one which he can think as a challenge and the other which can think as the vacation from the tedious parts. He can assess the job profile and responsibilities very deeply. Then, he can reconfigure them as per his choices. Job crafting can be broadly defined as the simple visual framework

Contemporary Hospitality Industry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Contemporary Hospitality Industry - Assignment Example Keeping with the intensive development along with continuous success experienced by the global hospitality industry, the primary focus of this report is to provide an in-depth understanding regarding the current industrial trends on the basis of its typography, structure, ownership guidelines and other essential factors. The discussion hereafter also incorporates adequate information associated with the operational areas, professional bodies, required educational skills along with a critical analysis of the external environmental factors of the global hospitality industry. ‘Hospitality’, can be defined as a well-built corporate establishment that ensures to provide meals, refreshments along with accommodation facilities as services in terms of mutual benefits for both the clients and the organization as well. In general, the concept of hospitality industry can also be termed as an effective blend of tangible and non-tangible products and/or services in order to meet the desired expectations of the clients who commonly comprise tourists. It basically incorporates three core categories including food, accommodation and refreshments (National College of Business Administration, 2009). The dimension serving food and beverage in the hospitality industry tends to incorporate restaurants, pubs and night-clubs among others. Similarly, the extensive numbers of resorts and hotels can be considered as the accommodation categories in the respective industry. According to the recent developments of different products and/or services, the services provi ded through the travel and tourism companies can also be regarded as a major division of the hospitality industry that empowers the competitive position of the global hospitality industry. As apparent, the organizations in the  contemporary hospitality industry includes various types of ownership structures ranging from the government or publicly owned proprietorships, joint ventures, partnerships and franchises among others.

Critical analysis essay Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical analysis essay - Dissertation Example The book is a historical work that uses statistical data as reference for representing views and opinion. The presentation of data in the book is narrative and creative but the data incorporated are comprehensive information and considered historically important in nature (Yergin and Stanislaw ch.5; 14). Based on the date presented, the book can be viewed as both historically and economically essential. The authors Yergin and Stanislaw presented a different perspective on the various concepts in the market through their own definition of terms such as globalization etc. Globalization is perceived as the periods of domination of free markets and is positive based on the effect it can bring about to the standard of living of the people. In addition the authors believe in the accomplishments and importance of capitalism (Yergin and Stanislaw ch.13). The views and opinions of the authors are evident in the book. This can be considered as an indication that the book is meant to make a sta tement and not a historical narrative.

Interpersonal Communication Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interpersonal Communication - Article Example The writer, Chris Zervas, states that, the area of constructive criticism can be problematic as "We say things we don't mean or recipients hear more than was meant." (1) Therefore, often during constructive criticism in a potentially sensitive area such as the workplace, direct channels of interpersonal communication are not functioning correctly. The sender is communicating the wrong message, using inadequate phrasing and wrong information whilst the other participant receives a distorted or exaggerated message. The receiver subconsciously picks up another message from indirect channels of interpersonal communication. These indirect channels may include the tone of voice of the sender or his body language. The receiver may suspect that the sender has hidden motivations, revealed by these uncontrolled actions. The receiver also may react defensively as he or she may feel that their position within the work team is threatened. Chris Zervas uses his management insight to implement "ski llful communication" which "can make these situations far less volatile."(2) Zervas states that the important connotation of the senders message should make the receiver feel respected and valued, which is the converse of how criticism generally makes people feel.

Pros and Cons of ARNP Independent Practice Research Paper

Pros and Cons of ARNP Independent Practice - Research Paper Example 2012). Nursing practices play a decisive role in the professional field so that the health needs of the individuals get fulfilled effectively. The ARNP Independent Practice tends to influence the nursing practice in the form of developing the nursing communities as per the desired level. Notably, this particular practice has a major influence on determining the combination of environmental health ideas and areas of varied nursing practices that significantly aid in lessening the gaps prevailing in the existing global healthcare system (Health Foundation Inc. 2012). In relation to the above context, certain advantages of a nurse practitioner owning a practice or ARNP Independent Practice become quite apparent. In this regard, one of such advantages includes providing the opportunity of specialization as well as maximizing patients’ care. Apart from this, the other advantage of ARNP Independent Practice lays in enhancing the ability of the nurse practitioners towards focusing on different interest areas including alternative therapy and women’s health among others. From the viewpoint of the nurse practitioners, it is worth mentioning that by performing the job roles as an independent healthcare provider, such healthcare professionals will avail the opportunity to work in a collaborative manner with different people. This might result in developing their skills of problem-solving, resolving any sort of conflict, dealing with unnecessary changes and executing effective strategies towards establishing a beneficial practice (Barberio, 2010). On the other hand, certain disadvantages or barriers relating to a nurse practitioner owning a practice are also quite apparent. In this regard, it can be apparently observed that experiencing excessive stress is one of the crucial factors, which restrict the nurse practitioners to own a practice,

The Australian Financial Review Essay Example for Free

The Australian Financial Review Essay According to the Australian Financial Review (2013), Tesco has agreed to form a 20/80 joint venture with China Resource Enterprises. This initiative occurs in the light of the declining retail environment in Europe and aims to combine Tesco’s 134 Chinese branches with 2,986 outlets from the China Resources Vanguard business. This deal will provide a strong platform for Tesco to enter the Chinese market and establish market leadership by improving its offering for customers within the region. Application Tesco’s planned expansion in China is the direct result of the declining economic environment in Europe, which has lead to a dramatic shift in sociocultural spending patterns. This has impacted Tesco negatively as a 0. 2% reduction in European private consumption from 2007 to 2011 (Roxburgh 2012) saw a ? 1 billion decrease in Tesco’s European sector revenue from 2009 to 2011 (Tesco 2009; Tesco 2011). As a response, Tesco has initiated a strategic alliance with China Resource Enterprises in a bid to solidify its market position in China. This alliance greatly assists Tesco in overcoming cultural differences as Inkpen and Tsang (2005) explains that firms operating in culturally distant nations can leverage knowledge from local partners to better understand host markets. This is important as the UK and China are dissimilar in a multitude of cultural dimensions (Hofstede 1984). Through this alliance, Tesco can overcome its liability of foreignness by utilizing the existing brand reputation of its partner since 45% of Chinese consumers display a high level of brand loyalty (Magni and Atsmon 2012), prevalent in a long term orientation focused culture. This alliance furthermore allows Tesco to transform into a multi-format retailer (Australian Financial Review 2013), which is consistent with changing consumption preferences signified by the increasingly popularity of hypermarkets. This multi-purpose shopping location has subsequently become a staple for consumers with average growth rates of 20% per annum since 2003 (Herring et al. 2012). This changing sociocultural trend provides Tesco with a myriad of opportunities in China. Analysis Tesco’s expansion strategy in China will provide numerous opportunities for growth. This stems from a mixture of Chinese economic and regulatory factors which contribute to an increasingly consumption-driven demographic. According to Woetzel, Li and Cheng (2012), regulatory initiatives on raising minimum wage levels have already increased disposable income per capita by 19. 7% in 2012. This combined with financial reforms aimed at increasing market competition will help expand private sector activity, in turn boosting employment and accelerating household income growths by 9% per annum. As a result of improving economic conditions, Woetzel, Li and Cheng predict national consumption to rise by 8% per annum and increase threefold from 30,000RMB in 2012 to 92,000RMB in 2030. These consumption patterns provide a myriad of sale opportunities for Tesco. However these benefits are overshadowed by an aging population and a reduction in the available workforce. According to Atsmon et al. (2012), China is experiencing rising life expectancies and falling birth rates, and estimates the proportion of population over 65 will increase from 10% to 15% in the near future. This is problematic as Bongaarts (2004) states public pension benefits impose serious economic burdens on the working population and may lead to a rise in taxation. This factor is worsened by a reduction in the available working age population which according to Evans-Pritchard (2013) has already increased salaries by 16% annually in the past decade. This may increase Tesco’s operating costs, which will reduce profitability. Although faced with an ageing population, Woetzel, Li and Cheng (2012) reveal that increasing government subsidies towards social security could strengthen China’s safety net. This combined with increasing urbanization and a rising middle class will spur consumption, counteracting the effects of an ageing population. Golley and Meng (2011) also provide evidence against labour shortages in China and state there is still an abundance of under-employed workers in rural regions. They argue unique Chinese institutions and policies have restricted migration into cities and regulatory reforms can see migrant workers double from 150 to 300 million, thereby negating significant salary increases. Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability Tesco has recently introduced a variety of sustainability and ethical sourcing initiatives, reflecting an increased commitment towards CSR. However these programs were only initiated after negative publicity generated by Friends of Earth (2005), which accused Tesco of using their market power to reduce supplier prices and operating energy intensive facilities. According to Becker-Olsen et al. (2006), this is a reactive rather than proactive strategy and confirms Piacentini et al. ’s (2000) study, which exposed that being recognized as a socially responsible company was the main reason food retailers adopt CSR rather than philanthropic reasons. Consequently, Tesco’s CSR initiatives can only be classified as a CSR grasp on Freeman and Hasnaoui’s (2010) continuum as they are merely strategies that ensure competitiveness. Although superficial, these CSR initiatives do however set standards for competitors and can encourage future CSR advancements as firms compete to be recognized as the most socially responsible retailer. Reference list Atsmon, Y. , Magni, M. , Li, L. , and Liao, W. 2012, Meet the 2020 Chinese Consumer, McKinsey Company, China, viewed 4 October 2013, Becker-Olsen, K. L. , Cudmore, B. A. , Hill, R. P. 2006, ‘The impact of perceived corporate social responsibility on consumer behavior’, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 46-53. Bongaarts, J. 2004, ‘Population aging and the rising cost of public pensions’, Population and Development Review, Vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 1-23. Evans- Pritchard, A. 2013, ‘Shortage of workers to halt Chinas growth’, Sydney Morning Herald, 6 February, p. 6. Freeman, I. and Hasnaoui, A. 2010, ‘A four-nation study of the meaning of corporate social Responsibility’, Proceedings from the 7th Congres de l’Aderse, March 2010. La Rochelle, France. Friends of Earth 2005, The Tesco Takeover, Friends of Earth, London, viewed 5 October 2013, Golley, J. , Meng, X. 2011, ‘Has China run out of surplus labour? ’, China Economic Review, Vol. 22 no. 4, pp. 555-572. Herring, L. , Hui, D. , Morgan, P. , Tufft, C. 2012, Inside China’s hypermarkets: Past and prospects, McKinsey Company, China, viewed 4 October 2013, Hofstede, G. 1984, ‘Cultural dimensions in management and planning’, Asia Pacific journal of management, Vol. 1 no. 2, pp. 81-99. Inkpen, A. C. , Tsang, E. W. 2005, ‘Social capital, networks, and knowledge transfer’, Academy of management review, Vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 146-165. Magni, M. Atsmon, Y. 2012, ‘Wooing the Fickle Chinese Consumer’, Harvard Business Review, February, viewed 5 October 2013, Piacentini, M. , MacFadyen, L. , Eadie, D. 2000, ‘Corporate social responsibility in food retailing’, International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, Vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 459-469. Roxburgh, C. , Labaye, E. , Thompson, F. , Tacke, T. , Kauffman, D. 2012, Investing in growth: Europes next challenge, McKinsey Company, viewed 4 October 2013, Tesco 2009, Annual Report and Financial Statements 2009, Tesco, Cheshunt, viewed 5 October 2013, Tesco 2011, Annual Report and Financial Statements 2011, Tesco, Cheshunt, viewed 5 October 2013, The Australian Financial Review. 2013, ‘Tesco to form venture with Chinese retail giant’, The Australian Financial Review, 2 October, viewed 4 October 2013, Woetzel, J. , Li, X. L. , Cheng, W. 2013, What’s next for China? , McKinsey Company, China, viewed 4 October 2013,

The Almond Tree By Jon Stallworthy

The Almond Tree By Jon Stallworthy A poem which involves a journey which is both literal and metaphorical is The Almond Tree By Jon Stallworthy. We are made aware of this journeys deeper significance through the poets use word choice, imagery, mood, structure and rhythm. This poem describes a significant event in the poets life. He describes his thoughts and feeling as he proceeds through his journey of emotions as he tries to handle the fact his child has been born with a disability. It is significant that the poet allows the reader to join the speaker on his journey of changing emotions; therefore, his excitement as he journeys to the hospital makes our feelings of sympathy greater when we see his life tumble with misery when he finds out the news of his sons disability. Stallworthy follows his journey from his car journey to the moment he reaches the hospital room where his child is being born. His excitement as he proceeds to the hospital increases as he gets closer and closer to his awaited child. The use of the simile The lights were green as peppermints highlights his joy as the word peppermints suggests happiness and sweetness of life. Also, it tells us that the traffic lights were green all the way to the hospital, this highlights his luckiness and describe his literal journey on the roads to the place of his childs birth, but could also refer more metaphorically to the idea that his life is on the move as he approaches his journey towards fatherhood and the adventures which having a child brings. Stallworthy highlights a great change in the mans life here as he journeys literally and metaphorically to his sons birth. Stallworthy also uses many metaphors when describing his journey to his new son. The metaphor the lucky prince suggests to the reader fairy tales and luck which shows that he is looking forward to something special. Fairy tales are usually associated with childhood and normally have a happy ending; just as the poet expects his journey to the hospital to have a happy ending. This again, emphasises the joy he felt as he endures his journey to meet his brand new son. Stallworthy makes use of the seasons in his poem to show how he is feeling as the poem goes on. banishing winter with a nod This is effective as winter is thought of as a cold, depressing and gloomy time of year where nothing is produced. Although, he here writes that he can banish this gloomy time with just a nod. This tells us that during his journey he is in a happy mood and feels powerful and confident in his own body. After his optimistic and joyous journey to the hospital in the car, we are given signs that something may be wrong. Stallworthy uses word choice to tell us a problem is about to arise in his journey. He says shuddering walls. The word shuddering relates to the walls of the womans womb contracting as she experiences labour. It also has negative connotations as it links to helplessness as shuddering is an involuntary action. It therefore stresses the discomfort of the woman giving birth. The rhythm of this stanza, up until this point is irregular and fast, which greatly contrasts with the rhythm of the previous stanzas. The pace of this section mimics the quick heartbeat faced as you wait for the birth of your child. The idea of discomfort and pain is shown in the next section of his literal journey as he journeys towards the ward. The doors are described as slicing which can be regarded as an element of pain and brings an unpleasant image to the readers mind. At this moment in the poe m, Stallworthy begins to reveal that his metaphorical journey is going to take a turn for the worse. Directly following the negative words, the narrator is given a piece of news which kills him. He is told his son had downs syndrome and from this point his metaphorical journey changes from great joy to utter devastation. From this point onwards, the narrator must face this difficulty and get on with life. Although he must, first, try to get over it in his head. This is the next stage of his metaphorical journey. This was my first death This suggests to the reader that this is the first time the man has ever been this upset, he feels as if he has just been told that his son has died. He had dreams and hopes for his sons future and these have all been taken away as quickly as possible. This could also suggest that he, himself has died in that he will never be the same person again. The way in which the speaker describes the impact his sons disability will have on their relationship is significant. we will tunnel each other out. This suggests that the narrator feels he will be able to support his disabled child and equally he feels that he will gain a lot from the experience. Through his metaphorical and literal journey, he experienced great joy and significant pain but overall he realises that he must love his son for who he is and not the disability which he faces. It is extremely clear that Stallworthy learnt a great deal from his journey and can appreciate life further as he has experienced trauma like he had never been through before. He may be a stronger person as a result of his journey; it has awakened him into the real world. In conclusion, we are made aware of the main message of the poem, that thorough loss, we may gain. Through the poets journey, he gained confidence and was reborn into the real world, where pain is a regular occurrence. His literal journey was his drive to the hospital and then walking briskly to the ward, where his child awaited him. His metaphorical journey took 3 main stages; great joy as he journeyed to the hospital, absolute destruction and desolation when he learnt of his sons disability and finally realisation that love and a great deal of understanding can be enough to deal with a crisis. Stallworthy made the reader more aware of the deeper significance of his journeys though imagery, word choice and other effective poetic techniques